Industrialization in America Essay - 1293 Words

As America was rapidly industrializing, the products that were being mass-produced were in demand all over the nation. In order to get food, supplies and raw materials to the industrial centers that needed them, it was crucial that the speed of transportation was increased. Multiple types of transportation came forth in early 1800’s including roads, canals, steamboats and railroads which would all contribute to the industrialization of America. This time period would come to be known as the â€Å"Transportation Revolution† of America. (Ochoa 2). In 1815, farmers were struggling to keep up with the high cost of transportation of their goods. Near the end of the Transportation Revolution in 1850, transportation cuts had been cut by ninety-five†¦show more content†¦Fulton introduced the Clermont, which was the first commercially practical steamboat. In 1815, the steamboat service started on the Mississippi River and before long they expanded across the nation (Och oa 2). Steamboats could go upriver as well as downriver, which was not possible prior to the invention of steam power and boats could only go with the current downriver with no way to return North. Steamboats allowed transportation to be a two-way process and goods could be moved to the North and the South easily. Steamboats became increasingly important for the transportation of goods, and in effect the river cities were economically significant and powerful due to the money, goods and people moving through them every day. River cities such as Cincinnati, New Orleans, and St. Louis became very influential in American politics and economy. Steamboats were improved throughout the years and became one of the leading contributions of the Transportation Revolution. However, steamboats also had negative qualities that completely changed the America rivers’ landscape. The steamboats could be hazardous due to the pollution of the air that the exhaust from it caused. They could also be quite deadly in accidents that regularly occurred in rivers across America. Nevertheless, steamboats revolutionized all aspects of the American lifestyle by giving new ways toShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization : The Industrialization Of America Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrialization of America Many people consider America to be the leader of the technological world; however, that has not always been the case. Before America became the industrial dynamo that is today, there were multiple other countries that it had to compete against such as China, England, Japan, and Germany. While each of these countries prospered at some point throughout their technological history, America was able to learn ways to adapt in order to compete against each and every oneRead MoreIndustrialization Of America703 Words   |  3 Pages What factors led to Industrialization of America? Industrialization is growing or development of industries and factories in a country or region. The United States were far behind most countries in the 1700a-1800s. The US was a young nation and they had no loyalty or respect given to them by any country at this time. The people of the US wanted change, they wanted respect, and they wanted to be independent form all of the surrounding countries and civilizations. One of the main things thatRead MoreEssay on Industrialization in America 1117 Words   |  5 Pagesland a country colonized the more money it could make off of that land. Britain colonized America in order to provide themselves with raw materials and in effect made agriculture dominant in America’s economy rather than industry. Without industry, the colonists were forced to import the majority of their goods from Britain instead of from domestic production (Reef 1). After the American Revolution, America was independent from Britain both politically and economically and Americans began to feelRead MoreEssay about Industrialization in America1087 Words   |  5 PagesMark Twain once called Industrialization an, â€Å"Era of incredible Rottenness.† Industrialization had both negative effects and positive effects on city life. While big businesses thrived, the gap between the rich and poor grew larger day by day. Progressive reformers sought to close this gap and bri ng together the nation. Industrialization was very beneficial to American business owners. Following the civil war, industries transformed into modern powerhouses. Big business owners who seized powerRead MoreIndustrialization And Capitalism During 19th Century America1203 Words   |  5 PagesIn 19th century America there were many changes in industrialization and capitalism which impacted the working class. One such change was the rise of unskilled labor; before the industrial revolution most people if not employed in agriculture relied on skilled trade. Meaning people had to have training and skill in order to create merchandise of a higher quality. However, with the rise of industrialization large factories began to take over the production of goods. These big businesses also beganRead MoreEssay about Post-Depression Industrialization in Latin America3110 Words   |  13 PagesPost-Depression Industrialization in Latin America For most of the first century after independence, all republics in Latin America followed an economic policy of export-led growth based on primary-product exports. The tremendous economic crisis of the 1930s that had a crushing and widespread impact on Latin America; precipitated by the global economic depression, forced Latin American nations to re-evaluate this exogenous economic growth model and to transform their economic policies in theRead MoreAmerica s Rapid Industrialization During The Progressive Era1352 Words   |  6 PagesAs America entered the 20th century, the country entered a time period known as the Progressive Era. This era was one defined by political reform and social activism as well as myriad of problems arising from America’s rapid industrialization. During the Progressive era, America faced several international, political, and social challenges that would set us on the road to the society in which we now live. During the Depression of the 1890s, the National Association of Manufacturers argued thatRead MoreHow Industrialization Changed The Social, Political, And Economic Face Of America s Cities1007 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrialization changed the social, political, and economic face of America’s cities. A model of the reforms that society was experiencing can be found in the nation’s school system. Progressive changes took place in schools in the forms of â€Å"change in political control of education; change in educational thought; innovations in school curriculum and other practices; justification of schooling in terms of professionalism; and the importing of scientific management into school administration† (pRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Industrialization of the 19th Century in America Matt Capone FIN 419 Professor Moore May 3, 2014 Over the course of time, the country of America has changed in many ways. Towards the end of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrializationRead MoreRussia and Latin Americas Responses to Industrialization Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 19th century, Russia and Latin America responded similarly to industrialization in the formation of a growing middle class, in a â€Å"boom† in exports and new economic ties, in urbanization, and in similar acts of revolutionary disobedience against a dictator. Latin America, as a result of industrialization, created a small market for manufactured goods unlike Russia’s vast industrial market powered by foreign investments. Also, there were long-term effects to Russia’s revolution in which a socialist

Analysis of The Handmaids Tale - 1143 Words

The Handmaids Tale is a distopian novel of tightly wound truths and links to our society today. It is so tightly wound, like a thorn bush, that gaining any meaning from it at all proves to be a very arduous task indeed for those who are not predisposed to do so. Nevertheless, some meaning did present itself during the text, as follows. The truth that is privileged in The Handmaids Tale is that societies/regimes based on totalitarianism and extremism are not satisfactory for anyone involved. Even though they may in theory be an improvement, in practice they fall dismally short of the mark. This truth is apparent in every aspect of The Handmaids tale. The commander, for instance one of those key men responsible for the creation of†¦show more content†¦Whereas a responder who has some knowledge of the Sufi would be able to identify that it is an Arabian proverb and may be able to decipher what the quotation is trying to say which is that ‘….Extreme circumstances prompt extreme remedies (Perry.S.1996). This warns the learned responder that The Handmaids Tale is in some ways at least about extreme measures being taken to counter for extreme circumstances, thus helping them to gain meaning from the text. Narrative viewpoint both assists and hinders responders in making meaning from the text. The narrative of the text is the view point chosen by the composer/s: Offred composes (I use ‘composes rather than ‘writes as in the historical notes at the rear of the book, it is stated that the text had been originally recorded speech found on some cassettes, later transcribed onto paper) the text in the present tense, as though she is keeping an audio journal of events as each day happens, when in fact the tapes were not made until she had already escaped from her services a handmaid as such devices would not have been audible to her while in servitude. The journal assists responders in gaining an idea of what Gilead was like from day to day, but the responders are also hindered as they only gain one perspective,- Offreds. Even Offreds point of view can not be taken entirely truthful, as it is already known that she is composing the text inShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis Of The Ha ndmaids Tale1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Critical Analysis of â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale.† In this dystopia novel, it reveals a remarkable new world called Gilead. â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale,† by Margaret Atwood, explores all these themes about women who are being subjugated to misogyny to a patriarchal society and had many means by which women tried to gain not only their individualism and their own independence. Her purpose of writing this novel is to warn of the price of an overly zealous religious philosophy, one that places women in such a submissiveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Handmaids Tale1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Handmaid’s Tale is a highly acclaimed dystopian novel that is based on the premise of a world in which a totalitarian theocracy has replaced the United States of America, turning it into the Republic of Gilead. In this tyrannical new society, the population is rapidly decreasing due to the toxic environment, and consequentially, th e ability to produce viable babies has become a coveted ability. Women that are able to bear children are indoctrinated into becoming Handmaids, and are assigned toRead MoreThe Crucible And The Handmaids Tale Analysis1176 Words   |  5 PagesIn the books The Crucible by Arthur Miller and The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood truth is large concept. Throughout the books truth is used to define the perception and the reality through key symbols that go above and beyond an object. In The Crucible The Bible plays an immense part in shaping characters characteristics, also in The Handmaid’s Tale it shapes one of the main motifs of the story. Throughout the two books, flowers are a meaningful symbol which is compared to a real relationshipRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Handmaids Tale1229 Words   |  5 PagesPaula Hawkins, a well known British author, once said, â€Å"I have lost control over everything, even the places in my head.† In Margaret Atwood’s futuristic dystopia The Handmaid’s Tale, a woman named Offred feels she is losing control over everything in her life. Offred lives in the Republic of Gilead. A group of fundamentalists create the Republic of Gilead after they murder the President of the United States and members of Congress. The fundamentalists use the power to their advantage and restrictRead MoreLiterary Analysis of the Handmaids Tale1068 Words   |  5 PagesOffred, in Margaret Atwood’s disturbing novel The Handmaid’s Tale says, â€Å"But who can remember pain once it’s over? All that remains of it is a shadow, not in the mind even, in the flesh. Pain marks you, but too deep to see. Out of sight, out of mind.† The society of Gilead causes the aforementioned pain and demoralization by using women’s bodies as political instruments. Similar to Atwood’s novel, today’s men put immense pressure on women to be a certain way, give them children, and take care ofRe ad MoreEssay about Character Analysis of The Handmaids Tale752 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of The Handmaids Tale Moira ===== We first meet Moira breezing into (P65) Offreds room at college. She is the breath of fresh air. As Offred says, She always made me laugh (P66). One of her roles is to bring humour to the reader, to lighten the situation and contrast with the horror of the Gileadean regime. An example of this is when Moira changes the hymn There is a Balm in Gilead to There is a Bomb in Gilead (P230). Margaret Atwood Read MoreCharacter Analysis OfThe Handmaids Tale911 Words   |  4 Pages The Handmaid’s Tale written by Margaret Atwood is a dystopian society, and it takes place in the Republic of Gilead. Most women here have trouble getting pregnant due to unexplained causes. Although unknown, the most likely causes are pollution and radiation. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood creates Offred, The Commander Fred, and Nick through direct description, action, and reaction. Atwood assigns these indicative colors as â€Å"black, for the Commander, blue, for the Commander’s Wife, andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Handmaids Tale Reading Log1232 Words   |  5 PagesReading Log The Handmaid’s Tale Night Summary: The protagonist used the view of the first person to describe her situation in a dystopian society which full of restrictions. Although life is hard and they have no freedom in that unknown world, they still have expectations to the life. They yearn for it and find hope from struggling. In this place, women who have the ability to conceive will be gathered in the special place called the Republic of Gilled, and they will be distributed to differentRead MoreCritical Analysis OfThe Handmaids Tale?1059 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"In a gentle way, you can shake the world.† -Mahatma Gandhi. In The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood Offred is offered many chances to do good in her world. She was given the chance to makes friends. She was given the option to release important information to help better the society. And she was given the option to become a symbol of rebellion and hope in her world. With all of said options in mind Offred did nothing. Offred could have done more to help better the situation of many people. FromRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale: Plot Analysis Essay1913 Words   |  8 PagesThe Handmaids Tale is written by Margaret Atwood and was originally published by McClelland and Stewart in 1985. The novel is set in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Handmaids Tale explores themes of a new totalitarian theocratic state society that is terrifying and horrific. Its main concentration is on the subjugation of women in Gilead, and it also explores the plethora of means by which the state and agencies gain control and domination against every aspect of these womens lives. Restrictive

The Importance of Beauty free essay sample

The first thing most people notice about someone is how physically attractive they are; yet we are told every day that looks do not matter. Our world is filled with hypocrisy when talking about the notion of beauty. Many quotes and inspirational messages line our halls and are often the background of choice on teenage girl’s cellphones. We are taught that â€Å"Beauty is only skin deep† from a young age, but if this really is the truth why do girls starve themselves to be skinny or bleach the life out of their hair? Countless cultures and people around the world covet physical beauty. Take a peek at any magazine and there are articles and pictures of how a girl â€Å"should look† to feel attractive. This phenomenon has been around for centuries. The late 1500’s were a completely male dominated society and in this time a woman’s looks were pretty much all she had to offer. William Shakespeare wrote a sonnet titled â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun† and in this story the speaker shows the reader that outer beauty is not the most important feature in a significant other. The speaker opens the poem with the assertion â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;† (line 1). Right off the bat he is expressing negative attributes about his mistress, or so we think. Does anyone really want to look into a person’s eyes and be blinded by them? Looking into the sun is dangerous so no wonder he would rather look into hers. Following this remark, the speaker states that, â€Å"Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; If snow be white, when then her breasts are dun;† (lines 2-3). Back in Shakespeare’s time all women coveted red lips and a fair complexion. They even went as far to use products containing mercury, an element that is extremely harmful to their bodies. The features mentioned above were required in order to be considered attractive in that time. The speaker is admitting that his mistress has neither the red lips nor the fair complexion that are seen as prevailing features at that time. As the speaker advances in his description of the mistress, He continues the story with â€Å"if hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damasked red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks;† (lines 4-6) She doesn’t show signs of having well kept hair as those who are held in higher esteem. Staying clean was not an easy task back in those days due to the lack of clean water and soaps. Her cheeks had no blush to them either. In a society that is obsessed with youth and beauty, rosy cheeks are a must and the mistress seems to be missing them. Returning to the point of there being a scarcity in soap, the speaker progresses with the phrase â€Å"And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks† (lines 7-8). Of course oral hygiene was hard to maintain with in those days but the speaker seems to just keep talking down on his supposed mistress. As the poem continues he talks about her voice and it’s less than pleasing sound. â€Å"I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound† (lines9-10). Here the reader can interpret he is saying that her words are more important to him than the sound of her voice. The speaker wants to hear what she has to say and the sound is unimportant. It’s her mind that he values more. The speaker is aware there are sweeter sounds like music but he would rather listen to her speak. In another seemingly negative description of his mistress depicting her walk, the speaker expresses, â€Å"I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground† (lines 11-12) Here the speaker is giving a depiction about the gait to his mistress’ walk. A goddess is supposedly able to float as they walk, and according to the speaker, the mistress certainly does not do that. . These lines in the poem depict a kind of satire in comparison to other love poems and stories. A message that can be read here is that the mistress is a more realistic object of his affection than the exaggerated descriptions of other writers. The mistress of course doesn’t float, but he still compares her to a mythological goddess in a negative way as a resemblance to other works. Finally, the ending of the poem is where all the negativity and insults are reconciled. The speaker says â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare,† (lines 13-14) to make up for everything the speaker has to say about his mistress. His love for her is rare considering her lack of physically attractive attributes and he can’t even believe it himself. The speaker can’t find the words to justify himself for his love. To him, no woman can ever compare to his mistress. Her flaws are what make her unique and separate her from the bunch. He sees through her appearances and loves her just the way she is. When we look back at the poem with the speaker’s outlook in the last lines, we see the piece in a whole new light. The speaker’s feelings support that beauty is in the eye of the beholder and show how the social stigma has no impact on his love for her. Girls today have to realize they can offer an extremely large amount of things aside from their looks. Women and men are considered equals today and should bring more to the table. The mind and soul is a powerful combination and is vastly more important than physical appearance.

Reputation the Crucible and Hanesty Perfect Condition Essay Example

Reputation: the Crucible and Hanesty Perfect Condition Essay A Good Reputation is more valuable than Anything When talking about a reputation it’s the estimation in which a person or thing is held, especially by the community of the public generally; good name. While dealing with Integrity its adherence to moral and ethical principle; soundness of moral character; honesty perfect condition. In The Crucible reputation and integrity plays a big part in the story. During the trials in Salem on witchcraft each accused victim had a chance to choose to confess for the sake of their freedom or to plead innocent which means to be hanged. In the trial of John Proctor he is untroubled when it comes to confessing for the reward of his life. As soon as judge Danforth announced that John’s confession will be hung on the church door, John became hesitant with the thought of his reputation being ruined. While John was pleading his reasoning on why his document shouldn’t be placed in the church his integrity was being put to the test. John felt as if the judges wanted to put him to shame or show how someone with a good name such as John can be hypocrite and Proctor was not going to let it happen. Proctor’s became so prideful that he forgot why he wanted to confess to the judges; so he can live for his wife and three children. Elizabeth Proctor was also but to the test when questioned about John and Abigail’s relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Reputation: the Crucible and Hanesty Perfect Condition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reputation: the Crucible and Hanesty Perfect Condition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reputation: the Crucible and Hanesty Perfect Condition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She was either to deny of confess on whether John and Abigail had an anogamist relationship. Failing to tell the truth for the first time she risks her reputation in fear John would be severely punished. The scene that really caught me is when Hale was trying to convince Elizabeth to try and change Johns mind after seized and while doing so, Elizabeth responded, â€Å"he did what made him happy† and I think what she is if he was comfortable enough to die for his integrity then for living with major guilt then so be it. This goes perfect with the simile â€Å"character is like a tree and reputation is like a shadow, the shadow is what we think of it the tree is the real thing†. A name can tell a lot about a person’s reputation and integrity. Not everybody has a â€Å"good name† nor do they practice or act upon it. A reputation is like your favorite sweater you love the feeling, but handle it carelessly it can get a little messy. Dealing with integrity not a lot of people have it but it is well known when referring to John and Elizabeth Proctor.

Analysis of Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney Essay Example

Analysis of Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney Paper Seamus Heaney, Mid-Term Break In Seamus Heaney’s poem â€Å"Mid-Term Break† one is misled by the title which normally would bring to mind parties, frivolous activities, and a much needed break from classes.The writer immediately extinguishes these thoughts as the college sick bay is mentioned (Heaney, 1).Heaney does not use rhyming or specific sentence structure but still manages to draw a strong reaction message from his readers.The reader is shocked by the last line as it reveals the death of a child, the emotionless reaction to this death, and the injustice of a young life gone forever. Although at first it seems as if the reader could perhaps be sick himself we quickly learn that the school bells sound to him as if they were â€Å"bells knelling† (2) which are often associated with a death toll or funeral procession.This immediately sets the tone of something far more tragic. The death of a young child has occurred, although it is not yet known the relationship between the reader and the deceased.There is no mention of grieving or emotion but the tone is very somber as the reader is confronted with various family members and friends in many states of grieving. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As the eldest child the reader feels he is expected to behave or react a certain way.His family and friends are openly emotional and upset at the needless death of the young child.The reader puts on a brave face as he feels a duty to his family to remain strong.It is tragically implied by this phrase â€Å"away at school† (12) that if he had been home the accident would have never occurred.The tremendous pressure of unspoken criticism has to be overwhelming and yet another reason to dampen the reader’s emotions although the grief he felt must have been great.

A View From The Bridge Letter Essays - Albums, Fall, Free Essays

A View From The Bridge Letter Essays - Albums, Fall, Free Essays A View From The Bridge Letter 201 Jabroni Drive, Moulnani Blvd. , Italy My dearest Maria, I miss you every second of every day and every day of every week. Sometimes I ask myself How can I live without your love and affection? You cant imagine how lonely I sometimes feel without you beside me. I miss you deeply and I am sure you do the same. America is many thousands of miles away from Italy but my heart is less than a pin away from yours I am deeply concerned about the health of Julius. I pray day and night for his health and I hope that the money I sent would help him. I expect a lot of him because he is the oldest and it might seem like that I am pressuring him a lot but tell him that I love him. On the other hand tell our other three babies to keep on smiling because America is really the land of opportunity. I love all of you, and tell them that I would sacrifice everything for your pleasure, even if it meant not to set sight on them for some years. Please tell me in your next letter how everyone is doing? Maria, you know very well that I had to come to this alien land. I would never want to leave you alone with the children but if we want to raise this family and make sure they survive in this world, I had to take the risk and leave for America. I want my children to go to school and eat the pastas and foods that Ive never even seen; I want them to have a youth, which I never had. Maria, so please bare the pain with me, we must live apart for a few years. I will surely return to you but it will probably take about seven to eight years before you see my aching face again. I cant even wait for a minute to see your beautiful face. Remember I miss you all and I cannot wait to hear from you in your next letter. We have now been cleared into America for sure and the fear of getting caught has died out. We live in peace and we work almost every hour of the day or at least it seems like it. Our cousin Beatrice helped us a lot and her husband Eddie made us most welcome at his own house. They seem to be a very kind family and I fell that they are doing to best for us. They also have a niece who they treat as their own daughter and her name is Catherine, she is very beautiful and intelligent. She is only 18 years old and she is full of youth! Everyone has helped Rudolpho and I a lot; they cook, dine and provide somewhere to sleep everyday for us and I am deeply thankful to them. They are not extremely rich but they are middle classed and they seem to be very traditional and Eddie is very dominant in the family. I have a feeling that Eddie has a short temper and that we might trigger this anger by accident. On the other hand, Beatrice seems to be a nice-hearted and kind woman. The funny thing is that in Italy, there is not a job in sight, but here in America; we got a job the day after we arrived in America. We basically work at the dock where we load and unload heavy cargo of many different things. The pay here is much better than the pay in Italy and we earn almost twice or thrice as much as we did in Italy. I love the working environment here and the work isnt that hard. I promise you that every cent I get, I will send to you and I will first think about the family and then my stomach but Im sure cousin Beatrice will help us until we get on our feet. Rudolpho has also found a lot of friends around in America. He has become extremely popular amongst the guys because of his sense of humor and his talents. He gives the men at work something to

Meat and milk factories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meat and milk factories - Essay Example In fact, we can delude ourselves into believing that the animals do not have any thoughts, feelings or emotions. This, in turn, means that we can treat our animals in any way that we choose. This essay will show specific examples of how horrible we treat our animals, and makes the argument that, if humans could identify more with animals, animals would not be allowed to be treated as they are. The point that Singer and Mason were trying to make, when they talked about how we, as humans, use completely different terminology when referring to animals, as opposed to referring to humans –such as using the term farrowing for giving birth, feeding for eating, and gestating for being pregnant – is that it separates the animals from the humans in our minds. It makes it seem as if they are less than us, different from us. Of course, they are different from us, but it is this difference which allows us to treat them in a manner that we would never treat our fellow man. In the cha pter titled â€Å"Meat and Milk Factories,† Singer and Mason presented examples of how we treat animals, and how this is not the way that we would treat one another. They began to detail the life of a farm pig. First of all, they state that the pigs are kept in a crate which is too narrow for them to turn around or walk more than a step or two forward or backwards. â€Å"More than 90% of pigs raised for met today are raised indoors in crowded pens of concrete and steel, and don’t even have straw to bed down in† (p. 45). These pigs are locked in these crates for life. This is because there are little protections for them. At this time, there was not a federal law that governed how farm animals were to be treated while they are living on the farm. The lack of a federal law is the reason why farmers are allowed to treat pigs in the manner that they treat them – keeping them in crowded pens of concrete and steel, never letting them outside to root around, and not even providing them with straw to lay on. This is especially true for breeding sows, who produce one litter after another, while living in tiny crates which are a foot longer than their bodies. Singer and Mason state that 90% of breeding sows in the America’s 10 largest producers are kept in this manner. This causes the pigs to show signs of clinical depression and stress, because it goes against their basic nature, which is to explore their surroundings and root around. This is because keeping them in this manner goes against their basic nature, as pigs are â€Å"sensitive, intelligent, and highly social animals,† and the conditions provide them with â€Å"nothing to do all day. They cannot walk around or socialize with other sows. All they can do is stand up or lie down on the bare concrete floor† (p. 46). Other examples in this chapter also show how we treat our animals. For instance, there was a sow with a broken leg, who was due to farrow the following week. A vet wanted to fix up the leg, but the farmer would not allow it – he said that he didn’t have the money for this. The sow would be shot as soon as she gave birth to her piglets. According to Singer and Mason, â€Å"